C++ Junkie

Modern C++ emphasizes type safety, performance, and expressive code . With C++20, Concepts were introduced to enhance template programming by offering better readability, error messages, and constraints . However, before Concepts, developers relied on Type Traits (introduced in C++11) combined with SFINAE (Substitution Failure Is Not An Error) to impose constraints on templates. This article explores Concepts vs. Type Traits , comparing their benefits, use cases, and performance implications. What Are Type Traits? Type Traits are a set of compile-time utilities provided in the <type_traits> header. They enable type introspection and allow developers to impose restrictions on template parameters using SFINAE . Example: Enforcing Integral Types with std::enable_if #include <iostream> #include <type_traits> // Function only enabled for integral types template <typename T> typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<T>...

In performance-critical applications, the CPU cache can be your best friend—or your worst enemy. While algorithmic complexity often takes center stage, memory access patterns are equally crucial for ensuring high performance. Poor memory locality can lead to cache misses, stalling the CPU and slowing your application. This article dives into practical techniques for writing cache-friendly C++ code, enabling you to harness the full power of modern hardware. Why Cache Optimization Matters The CPU cache acts as a bridge between the processor and slower main memory, storing frequently accessed data to reduce latency. A high cache hit rate ensures your program runs efficiently, while cache misses force the CPU to fetch data from RAM, which can be up to 100x slower. By writing cache-friendly code, you can reduce latency, improve throughput, and optimize your application for real-world performance. How CPU Caches Work Underst...

Converting a string to int can be useful in any size of C++ application. There are several ways that can be used to convert a string to int in C++. Depending on your scenario you can choose the best method. However, most widely used method is std::stoi for C++11 or above for development.

According to mathematics exponent is a number indicates how many times to multiply the base number. When it comes to C++ exponents every programmer should know two std functions, std::pow and std::exp . To use these methods you should include cmath.

In day to day programming we will need to convert a double value to an int value in different use cases. Also, I'm going to talk about how to avoid compiler warning C4244 when converting double to int.

According to C++ Standard deleting a void* (void pointer) is undefined behavior. However usually the program will compile and run without any errors. Also the memory pointed by the pointer will be cleared. But deleting a void pointer will not call destructors.

Simple answer is YES . It is perfectly safe to delete a null pointer. In C++ delete operator is used to deallocate the memory block pointed by the pointer by releasing the memory allocated via new operator. For basic information on delete operator you can visit this article . 

In this article I'm not going to explain the basics of switch and if else statements. But I'm going give some points based on my experience from a performance point of view. When it comes to performance my rule of thumb is always measure the execution time and decide which solution perform better rather than going with theory. Because you might not know how the complier will optimize or based on other factors it might not work as per the theory.

This is a famous coding interview question that every programmer suppose to know. Here I am going to look at two different answers. First one is the obvious one, of course not the answer that the interviewer is looking for. Second one is the smart answer.

In C++ both delete and delete[] are used deallocate storage allocated via dynamic meory allocation. However delete is used to deallocate storage of a single object and delete[] used to deallocate storage of an array. If you allocate memory using new keyword make sure to deallocate memory using delete  keyword to avoid memory leaks. If you allocate an array of memory using new[]  deallocate memory using delete[]  keyword. If you allocate memory using new[] and use delete for deallocation in C++ it is undefined behavior. As per my experience compiler will not give any error, however there will be memory leak as only the first object will be deallocated. Also, it is undefined behavior for both delete and delete[] if the value of the pointer in invalid. Both of these operations are safe if the pointer is eqaul to NULL / nullptr . So as a best practice it is good to assign nullptr once the memory is deallocated to avoid undefined behavoir. Few more important point...

C++ has three types of access specifiers public, protected and private. The below explanations assume that there are no friendship declarations are made between classes. Public Inheritance Public and protected members listed in base class keep there access specifiers in the derived class. Means public members of base class are public in derived class and protected members of the base class are protected in the derived class. Private members of the base class cannot be access in the derived class. Protected Inheritance Public and protected members listed in base class becomes protected members of the derived class. Private members of the base class cannot be access in the derived class. Private Inheritance Public and protected members listed in base class becomes private members of the derived class. Private members of the base class cannot be access in the derived class. Also, please note if there is no access specifier defined in the base class all the members are private b...

C++ is one of the most popular programming languages in the world. I believe if you get the basics right learning C++ and becoming an expert is easy. I have been working with C++ for more than 7 years now. My intention is to share C++ related stuff that I come across in my day to day work. To get started here is how you write the simplest program to print an output in the console.